The photos above and below are of the same frog, taken a few minutes apart. It changed its color from an off-white to a brownish tone! This happened when the frog had moved from its previous location into a bunch of dried leaves and twigs. Such an ability of animals to change its color is called metachrosis.

Metachrosis could be due to several reasons: like the light/temperature/moisture play a vital role in changing the colour. Some amphibians exposed to cold temperature and darkness often exhibit a darkening of their skin due to a melanophorotropic hormone (dark brown – black pigments) release. At higher temperature and light their color tend to get pale due to melanophore contraction. This color change is probably done as part of a hydro-thermal regulation (for regulating its moisture and temperature).

We are not sure if this frog exhibited metchrosis for such a regulation. At first sight we felt it was an instance of “crypsis“, where the animal has the ability to avoid getting noticed, through camouflage, mimicry, etc. However, studies shows that crypsis alone may not be the case of frogs like this one, and hydro-thermal regulations also play a major role. So probably a short time between the dried leaves with less light and colder environment let it change the shade from pale to dark.

The frog in the picture is polypedates occidentalis. To my amazement, the species was identified and named only recently, in 2006 (link provided below). Hence data is deficient to tell if p.occidentalis is a rare species or not. Probably it is a common species for the western ghats region.

A similar frog is the Common Indian Tree Frog, polypedates maculatus, which also has an hourglass like mark on its dorsum. This one is present in central India and neighboring countries.

These spiders are masters of camouflage. Their body coloring is usually brownish, matching with the dry barks, and they change their color according to the surface they are resting on (like these crab spiders). Apart from this, they have a thin flat abdomen, and they lie sticking to the bark as if a part of it. This one, of the hersilia svignyi species, was resting on our garden palm tree, and I found it accidentally, probably when it moved. This particular species is common along South India/Asia.

The two tailed spiders hunt insects which come close to them. The species shown here hunts by throwing the silk on their prey, and running around it depositing the silk, confining the prey.

They are harmless, you see When disturbed, the spider moves to the opposite side of the tree.

Date: 13 Oct 2007
Location: @ home, Kottayam, Kerala, India
Camera: Nikon D80 + Tamron SP AF90mm f/2.8 Di Macro Lens

Reference:
1. B. J. Kaston, 1965: Some Little Known Aspects of Spider Behavior, American Midland Naturalist, 73, 2, 336-356.
2. Department of Zoology, Sacred Heart College, Cochin, Kerala [southindianspiders.com]

The crab spider seems to be eyeballing the flower beetle and checking if it is potential food material

The flower beetles very often open the flower buds and eat the bud centres (see the image below). These bud centres contain the flower clustre in its primordial stage, which is a nutritious meal for the beetle. Probably the crab spider is aware of this and that could be the reason (?) it is staying near the flower bud in the first picture

I guess the plant in this picture is the zoomed in part of the cherry tree (see the cherry picking indian koel), with its budding leaves and flowers.

Another crab spider waiting for its prey, between the “bushes” of a cockscomb (celosia cristata) flower.

Date: 09-11 Sept 2005
Location: @ home, Kottayam, Kerala, India
Camera: Olympus C770UZ + MCON-40 Macro Lens

Marine Life & Colors under splashing waves @ Gallipoli, Puglia, Italy

… along came a jellyfish

We were in the sea while this jellyfish floated by, along with some non-aquatic plants. We were amazed by the beautiful red floral like patterns on its umbrella. The externally visible patterns match to the Pelagia noctiluca, a toxic, stinging jellyfish, commonly known as the mauve stinger in the Mediterranean. The mauve stinger has the ability to glow in the dark [nocti = night, luca = light]. However, we didn’t find any protruding tentacles on its body and we are not sure if it is the mauve stinger itself.

A closeup of the floral patterns on the mediterranean jellyfish. Jellyfish are known as medusa in Italian, attributing to the greek mythical sea nymph of the same name.

coral like formation on the rocky shores, with white ‘flower’ crests

hide and seek… a mediterranean crab cozily camoflagued in its rocky surroundings

— More of what we captured @ Gallipoli —

Gallipoli is a small town in Salento, southern Italy, in the Puglia region. It is located by the Ionian Sea, an arm of the Mediterranean. Less than 1 hour by train, from Lecce, capital of Puglia.

The beaches of Salento are marvellous, with white sandy beaches and intermittent rocky shores like these. Portrayed in the local dialect, Lu Salentu, lu sule lu mare lu ientu [Salento, the sun, the sea, the wind].

Ceylon Frogmouth, Batrachostomus moniliger, also known as Sri Lanka Frogmouth, at the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Thattekkad. Male and Female.

The Ceylon Frogmouths are nocturnal in nature, and are found in the Western Ghats of India and in Sri Lanka. Their elusive nature kept their existence under the veil of the dense tropical forests for a long time until Dr. Salim Ali found it at the Thattekkad Bird Sanctuary (which has since been named after him) in circa 1930. Later it was rediscovered in circa 1990 by ornithologist K. V. Eldhose, at the same sanctuary. Its occurrence, ethology, nesting, etc. have been documented since. The bird is still elusive, due to its adherence to roosting on surroundings with dried leaves which resembles its color tone and camouflages it well.

My first sighting of the Frogmouth was in December 1999, when the nature group Warblers & Waders organized a bird survey at the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Thattekkad and the near by regions including Bhoothathankettu and Idamalayar. The first night we listened to the exchange of the distinctive calls between the male and the female (which could be easily recorded and mimicked) and we saw one of them at a different location later. The excitement was so much that time, and I took a low resolution photograph of that sighting, but one could never identify a bird in it, because it was camouflaged so perfectly!

The frogmouth pictured above is my second sighting, along with Sarah, in September 2007. The location is adjacent to the watch tower inside the sanctuary.

Tiny, wine glass shaped, Cup Fungi, cookeina sulcipes of the Family Sarcoscyphaceae, against a dark background, at the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Thattekkad. These cup fungi were located near to the place where we found the ceylon frogmouths in the birds section. Vividly colored in deep red-orange, with a pinkish tone. In these two images you can see the fungi gleaming through the dark.

Sarah capturing the Cup Fungi.

These Cup Fungi are not rare, we have often found them on wet logs around our house premises.

Cup Fungi @ home

Date: 27 Sept 2007
Location: @ Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Thattekkad and @ home, Kottayam, Kerala, India
Camera: Nikon D80 + Tamron SP AF90mm f/2.8 Di Macro Lens